Diamond-bearing pebble from Libyan Desert Glass Region

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Diamond-bearing pebble from Libyan Desert Glass Region

Postby David Entwistle » Mon Oct 28, 2013 7:19 pm

Hi,

You may have read of 'Black glass' could be first comet chunk found on Earth from New Scientist, or Egyptian pebble filled with DIAMONDS reveals comet that turned Sahara into glass 28 million years ago, from the Daily Mail.

The paper is available here, but I have some problems with the Sciencedirect web site. The title is:

    Unique chemistry of a diamond-bearing pebble from the Libyan Desert Glass strewnfield, SW Egypt: Evidence for a shocked comet fragment
    by Jan D. Kramers, Marco A.G. Andreoli, Maria Atanasova, Georgy A. Belyanin, David L. Block, Chris Franklyn, Chris Harris, Mpho Lekgoathi, Charles S. Montross, Tshepo Ntsoane, Vittoria Pischedda, Patience Segonyane, K.S. (Fanus) Viljoen, Johan E. Westraadt.

The abstract is as follows:

We have studied a small, very unusual stone, here named “Hypatia”, found in the area of southwest Egypt where an extreme surface heating event produced the Libyan Desert Glass 28.5 million years ago. It is angular, black, shiny, extremely hard and intensely fractured. We report on exploratory work including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with EDS analysis, deuteron nuclear reaction analysis, C-isotope and noble gas analyses. Carbon is the dominant element in Hypatia, with heterogeneous O/C and N/C ratios ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 and from 0.007 to 0.02, respectively. The major cations of silicates add up to less than 5%. The stone consists chiefly of apparently amorphous, but very hard carbonaceous matter, in which patches of sub-μm diamonds occur. δ13C values (ca. 0‰) exclude an origin from shocked terrestrial coal or any variety of terrestrial diamond. They are also higher than the values for carbonaceous chondrites but fall within the wide range for interplanetary dust particles and comet 81P/Wild2 dust. In step heating, 40Ar/36Ar ratios vary from 40 to the air value (298), interpreted as a variable mixture of extraterrestrial and atmospheric Ar. Isotope data of Ne, Kr and Xe reveal the exotic noble gas components G and P3 that are normally hosted in presolar SiC and nanodiamonds, while the most common trapped noble gas component of chondritic meteorites, Q, appears to be absent. An origin remote from the asteroid belt can account for these features.

We propose that the Hypatia stone is a remnant of a cometary nucleus fragment that impacted after incorporating gases from the atmosphere. Its co-occurrence with Libyan Desert Glass suggests that this fragment could have been part of a bolide that broke up and exploded in the airburst that formed the Glass. Its extraordinary preservation would be due to its shock-transformation into a weathering-resistant assemblage.


There is a press release from The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Additional information may be found below.

David Entwistle
 
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